Quiz 03| Higher Education | Oxford University Press Canada

Instructions: For each question, click on the radio button beside your answer. When you have completed the entire quiz, click the Submit my answers button at the bottom of the page to receive your results.

Question 1:

Essentialism, as a Pre-Darwinian concept, is heavily related to Plato’s notion of the links that existed between the ________ worlds.
a) ideal and material
b) geological and geographical
c) profane and secular
d) religious and scientific

Question 2:

________ refers to a table or graph that displays the possible range of phenotypic outcomes for a given genotype in different environments.
a) Niche construction
b) Norm of reaction
c) A formal model
d) Taxonomy

Question 3:

Lamarckian evolution has also been called ________ because its general premise is that individual organisms from every species adapt to their environments over time.
a) natural selection
b) transformational evolution
c) evolutionary theory
d) variational evolution

Question 4:

According to ________’s theory of common ancestry, similar living species must all have had a common ancestor.
a) Lyell
b) Hutton
c) Darwin
d) Spencer

Question 5:

________ refers to the shaping of any useful feature of an organism, regardless of that feature’s origin.
a) Adaptation
b) Aptation
c) Selection
d) Exaptation

Question 6:

Darwin used mainstream ideas about ________ to explain the concept of fitness.
a) capitalism
b) turtle growth
c) natural selection
d) adaptation

Question 7:

________ refers to a useful feature of an organism that was originally shaped by natural selection to perform one function but later reshaped by different selection pressures to perform a new function.
a) Adaptation
b) Exaptation
c) Organic trait
d) Aptation

Question 8:

A pattern of phenotypic variation in which the phenotype exhibits sharp breaks from one member of the population to the next is called ________.
a) zygolousness
b) polygyny
c) discontinuous variation
d) continuous variation

Question 9:

Roderick McInnes’ story about the collection of DNA from Indigenous peoples highlights ________.
a) that geneticists cannot ethically do work among Indigenous groups
b) that the culture and values of Indigenous peoples must be respected when conducting such research
c) that rheumatoid arthritis is not genetic
d) that there is no correlation between rheumatoid arthritis and cultural or environmental factors, like diet

Question 10:

The genetic information about particular biological traits encoded in an organism’s DNA is referred to as a ________.
a) genome
b) phenotype
c) genetic assemblage
d) genotype

Question 11:

According to evolutionary theory, living species can change over time and give rise to new kinds of species, with the result that all organism ultimately share a common ancestry.
a) True
b) False

Question 12:

Because evolution typically occurs over a long period of time, there is no material evidence to substantiate it as a viable theory.
a) True
b) False

Question 13:

According to Lamarck, all organisms have two attributes: (1) the ability to adapt physically to their environments and (2) the capacity to activate this ability when necessary.
a) True
b) False

Question 14:

Polygeny is the process by which multiple genes are responsible for producing a phenotypic trail.
a) True
b) False

Question 15:

Catastrophism posits that extinctions and the development of new species are due to natural disasters.
a) True
b) False

Question 16:

Essentialism is based on ideas derived from Aristotle’s teachings.
a) True
b) False

Question 17:

Common ancestry refers to Darwin’s idea that similar living species must have had a common ancestor.
a) True
b) False

Question 18:

Since Darwin’s time, modifications of evolutionary theory have called the concept of evolution into question.
a) True
b) False

Question 19:

Niche construction occurs when an organism perturbs the environment or when it actively moves into a different environment.
a) True
b) False

Question 20:

The discovery of the structure and function of DNA has led to the rejection of Lamarckian views.
a) True
b) False

Higher Education

Anthropology: Chapter 3