Instructions: For each question, click on the radio button beside your answer. When you have completed the entire quiz, click the “Submit my answers” button at the bottom of the page to receive your results.

Question 1:

In trying to figure out who we are, we look to ourselves and to ________ for guidance.
a) reference groups
b) self-image
c) self-concept
d) self-efficacy

Question 2:

Global self-esteem is ________.
a) based on where we live in the world
b) equivalent to our life script
c) self-esteem that shows in many aspects of our lives
d) based on the impact of body depictions

Question 3:

The idea of life scripts appeared in the early literature on ________.
a) transactional analysis
b) spiritualism
c) post-traumatic stress disorder
d) depression

Question 4:

Social comparison theory holds that ________.
a) societies can be compared for their levels of self-esteem
b) the more social you are, the higher your self-esteem will be
c) comparing different societies is important for a ranking of global self-esteem
d) we look to others for a standard of comparison

Question 5:

When faced with unfavourable upward comparisons, we can repair our self-regard or self-esteem most easily when ________.
a) others give us positive feedback
b) we ignore both negative and positive feedback from others
c) we are able to showcase our abilities in other areas
d) none of the above

Question 6:

Self-concept can become more flexible during ________.
a) adolescence and old age
b) periods of role transition
c) infancy, early childhood, and old age
d) periods of intense happiness

Question 7:

The natural tendency within romantic partnerships is to see the other in a(n) ________; as such, we see our partner as better than the person sees herself or himself.
a) looking-glass
b) idealized way
c) relationship with past loves
d) realistic boundary

Question 8:

People tend to use the most readily available sources as a standard of comparison, so today many turn to ________.
a) psychotherapeutic interventions
b) environmental factors
c) role models via the media
d) cognitive behavioural therapy

Question 9:

When a gap develops between the real self and the ideal self in terms of physicality, ________ can develop.
a) body-image disturbance
b) reflected appraisal
c) bifurcated imaging
d) true self-concept

Question 10:

Most Western cultures reflect cultural views of the importance of the individual versus the community through valuing ________.
a) body image
b) self-concept
c) cultural variations
d) individualism

Question 11:

Teacher expectations are not a factor in predicting student success.
a) True
b) False

Question 12:

People with motor impairment or a chronic illness often experience low levels of self-esteem.
a) True
b) False

Question 13:

Many studies demonstrate that women have less confidence than men in the workplace.
a) True
b) False

Question 14:

Cultural variations exist in areas such as self-enhancement and self-criticism.
a) True
b) False

Question 15:

One cannot be high in self-esteem and low in self-efficacy, or vice versa.
a) True
b) False

Question 16:

According to the self-serving bias, we are likely to credit our success to external qualities.
a) True
b) False

Question 17:

People with low self-esteem are more likely to be negatively influenced by media images.
a) True
b) False

Question 18:

We can easily change life scripts.
a) True
b) False

Question 19:

When operating in status-conscious societies, those without status often believe that they cannot make a difference or achieve the same goals as those with higher status.
a) True
b) False

Question 20:

Research indicates that as many as one-third of young women are extremely unhappy with the shape, size, condition, and/or appearance of their bodies.
a) True
b) False

Higher Education

Communication in Everyday Life: Chapter 2