History of Psychology, 3e | Student Quiz 15

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Question 1:

Information theorists have been working from which of the following definitions of ‘information’?
a) Information is something that occurs when a person tells us something we didn’t know before.
b) Information is something that occurs when a person or machine tells us something we didn’t know before.
c) Information is the amount of information transmitted when an event occurs.
d) Information is the amount of information transferred between people and computers.

Question 2:

What did information theory provide psychologists with?
a) The vocabulary for a new model of the process of communication
b) The information for knowledge transfer between people and computers
c) A model of communication transfer in computers
d) The model of a new model of vocabulary

Question 3:

Who provided an account of aspects of language that were difficult for other theories to explain?
a) Miller
b) Bruner
c) Kahneman
d) Chomsky

Question 4:

What other type of investigations found results similar to those of Miller?
a) The span of immediate memory investigation
b) The span of apprehension investigation
c) The span of immediate attention investigation
d) The span of introspection investigation

Question 5:

________’s research described the cocktail party phenomenon?
a) Broadbent
b) Chomsky
c) Cherry
d) Gibson

Question 6:

Which of the following sources did Miller, Galanter, and Pribram not draw on in their book Plans and the Structure of Behavior?
a) Artificial intelligence
b) Information theory
c) Chomskyian psycholinguistics
d) Cybernetics

Question 7:

What does the acronym TOTE stand for?
a) Text-operation-text-entry
b) Text-operate-test-entry
c) Test-operation-text-exit
d) Test-operate-test-exit

Question 8:

Our more general TOTEs are called ________, while our more concrete activities are called ________.
a) goals; plans
b) plans; goals
c) tactics; strategies
d) strategies; tactics

Question 9:

Who suggested that we might be ‘giving psychology away’?
a) Chomsky
b) Miller
c) Bruner
d) Gibson

Question 10:

Which term represents the degree to which one is prepared to perceive what is in the environment?
a) Concept attainment
b) Minimax axiom
c) Perceptual readiness
d) None of the above.

Question 11:

Any time we do not regard an event as unique but as belonging to a particular category, we are making use of ________.
a) perceptual readiness
b) axioms
c) concepts
d) serial reproduction

Question 12:

‘The War of the Ghosts’ was used as part of ________’s memory studies?
a) Neisser
b) Bruner
c) Gibson
d) Bartlett

Question 13:

Which of the following is not one of Neisser’s information-processing stages?
a) Serial reproduction
b) Pattern recognition
c) Attention
d) Iconic storage

Question 14:

What occurs whenever the correlation between two variables is due to a common cause?
a) A second correlation
b) A spurious correlation
c) A significant correlation
d) A correlation

Question 15:

Which of the following is used in thinking aloud experiments?
a) Cocktail party phenomena
b) Turing’s test
c) Tower of Hanoi puzzle
d) ‘The War of the Ghosts’ story

Question 16:

Like humanistic psychology, cognitive psychology emerged in part as a reaction to behaviourism.
a) True
b) False

Question 17:

According to information theorists, information can be seen as the complement of uncertainty.
a) True
b) False

Question 18:

The sentence ‘I once shot an elephant in my pajamas’ is an example of Chomsky’s concept of ambiguity.
a) True
b) False

Question 19:

Miller developed the cocktail phenomenon, a topic that is still popular in introductory textbooks.
a) True
b) False

Question 20:

The classic example of a feedback loop is a thermostat.
a) True
b) False

Question 21:

In his presidential address to the American Psychological Association, Miller suggested that psychology be ‘given away’.
a) True
b) False

Question 22:

Miller developed a research program in perception that became known as the ‘New Look’.
a) True
b) False

Question 23:

‘The War of the Ghosts’ was one of the stories used as part of Bartlett’s serial reproduction experiments.
a) True
b) False

Question 24:

Neisser proposed the utilization hypothesis.
a) True
b) False

Question 25:

The Stroop task consists of a list of numbers written in different colours.
a) True
b) False

Higher Education

History of Psychology, 3e - Quiz: Chapter 15