Rutherford Practice Midterm Exam | Higher Education

Question 1:

A cross-sequential design
a) involves testing within-subjects only.
b) follows two or more groups longitudinally.
c) is a cheap and easy way to answer research questions.
d) is more vulnerable to the effects of selective attrition than a longitudinal design.

Question 2:

A prototype
a) is the most frequently encountered item in a category.
b) shares many features with members of other categories.
c) shares few features with other members of the same category.
d) is what you are likely to mentally picture if asked to think of a member of a particular category.

Question 3:

Heritability =
a) V(genes) /V(genes) + V(environment)+ V(g*e)
b) V(environment)/V(genes) + V(environment)+ V(g*e)
c) V(genes)/V(environment)+ V(g*e)
d) V(environment)/V(genes) + V(g*e)

Question 4:

According to the ‘group socialization theory’, socialization takes place
a) at a very young age.
b) in peer groups.
c) between parent and child.
d) individualistically.

Question 5:

Experience-dependent learning
a) involves a critical period.
b) involves mechanisms that optimize the relationship between one’s brain and one’s idiosyncratic environment.
c) is necessary for normal brain development to result.
d) relies on environmental cues that remain unchanged over generations.

Question 6:

Pairing your genetic contribution with someone unrelated is referred to as
a) deleterious breeding.
b) incest.
c) inbreeding depression.
d) genetic avoidance.

Question 7:

Compared to female fetuses, male fetuses
a) are less active in utero.
b) are more likely to be spontaneously miscarried.
c) are less likely to suffer from a physical abnormality.
d) are not significantly different on any measurable characteristic.

Question 8:

Developmental systems theory proposes that
a) observational learning is most important.
b) genes play a special role in development.
c) the whole of a complex system is more than the sum of its parts.
d) environment plays a special role in development.

Question 9:

Reliable responses to touch stimuli in newborns are referred to as
a) preferences.
b) reflexes.
c) conditioned responses.
d) discriminations.

Question 10:

The ability to continuously keep track of one’s location relative to a starting point is referred to as
a) location maintenance.
b) absolute reckoning.
c) dead reckoning.
d) position maintenance.

Question 11:

The founder of developmental psychology is generally considered to be
a) G. Stanley Hall.
b) Jean Piaget.
c) John Locke.
d) Aristotle.

Question 12:

Attachment theory was developed by
a) John Bowlby
b) Harry Harlow
c) Mary Ainsworth.
d) B. F. Skinner.

Question 13:

Our visual system perceives constancy despite differences in
a) modularity.
b) projections on the retina
c) objective size.
d) preferences.

Question 14:

The karyotype for individuals with Turner’s syndrome is
a) XX
b) XY
c) X
d) Y

Question 15:

The _______________ method can reveal what categories children hold and what inferences are warranted within a category.
a) conjunctive
b) inference
c) inductive
d) deductive

Question 16:

_______________ is a phenomenon that prevents development from evolving in radically different ways.
a) Generative stability
b) Generative entrenchment
c) Generative permanence
d) Generative ingraining

Question 17:

Infants have two systems of numbers:
a) a precise system for small numbers and an approximate system for large numbers.
b) an approximate system for small numbers and a precise system for large numbers.
c) a precise system for visually-represented numbers and an approximate system for aurally-presented numbers.
d) a precise system for aurally-represented numbers and an approximate system for visually-presented numbers.

Question 18:

Reciprocal altruism is the phenomenon of
a) exploiting others.
b) favouring those who are genetically related.
c) helping another individual and then having the favour returned.
d) incurring a benefit for one individual but not another.

Question 19:

Neuronal production is mostly complete by
a) 18 weeks after conception.
b) 24 weeks after conception.
c) birth.
d) age 2.

Question 20:

Social learning theory emphasizes
a) classical conditioning.
b) observation and imitation.
c) rewards and punishments.
d) individual personalities.

Question 21:

Pidgin languages
a) are standardized.
b) have consistent word orderings.
c) carry grammatical information
d) borrow vocabulary from other languages.

Question 22:

Piaget’s notion of ‘animism’ refers to
a) being unable to consider views other than your own.
b) a preference for animals over objects
c) the attribution of physical characteristics to mental entities.
d) the attribution of mental states to inanimate objects.

Question 23:

Utilitarianism is the view that
a) moral decisions should be made based on what is best for the greatest number of people.
b) the human mind does not need to provide anything in order for a person to develop morally.
c) what is good is what is natural.
d) rewards and punishments are an integral part of moral development.

Question 24:

_______________ aphasia results in telegraphic speech.
a) Temporal
b) Wernicke’s
c) Auditory
d) Broca’s

Question 25:

An exaptation occurs when
a) a feature did not arise as an adaptation for its present role but was subsequently co-opted for that function.
b) genetic diversity is lost
c) there is a shift in gene frequency as a result of a founder situation.
d) an adaptive feature carries with it another feature that is neutral for survival.