Instructions: For each question, click on the radio button beside your answer. When you have completed the entire quiz, click the Submit my answers button at the bottom of the page to receive your results.

Question 1:

In Bruner et al.’s experiments, if an item has attributes of a concept, then it is an example of ______.
a) a positive instance
b) a negative instance
c) a conjunctive instance
d) a disjunctive instance

Question 2:

Which of the following is required for something to be considered part of a concept?
a) A negative instance
b) An abstracted concept
c) A criterial attribute
d) A conjunctive attribute

Question 3:

You are participating in an experiment, and the experimenter has given you a card with a picture of a purple diamond. She says that this is a positive instance of the concept and challenges you to figure out what the concept is by having you choose any card you like while she responds as to whether it is a positive or negative instance of the concept. What type of task is this?
a) A reception task
b) A selection task
c) A conjunctive task
d) A focus gambling task

Question 4:

Which strategy of concept formation keeps in mind all hypotheses and tries to eliminate as many as possible after each instance selection?
a) Successive scanning
b) Wholist strategy
c) Partist strategy
d) Simultaneous scanning

Question 5:

Which of the following describes learning that occurs unintentionally?
a) Negative instance
b) Positive instance
c) Explicit learning
d) Implicit learning

Question 6:

Which of the following, according to Reber, plays an important role in many aspects of cognition, such as language?
a) The cognitive conscious
b) The cognitive unconscious
c) The language acquisition device
d) The parietal lobe

Question 7:

Shanks and colleagues presented evidence that implicit learning can be accompanied by ______.
a) negative instance
b) positive instance
c) explicit awareness
d) cognitive unconsciousness

Question 8:

When comparing the overlapping features of a robin and a crow to those of a penguin and a robin, ______ would be lower for the penguin and the robin.
a) the family resemblance
b) the misaligned hierarchies
c) the sharing of superordinate characteristics
d) the graded structures

Question 9:

The skills that enable us to construct temporary categories for defining objects are rooted in ______.
a) category-specific deficits
b) perceptual experience
c) embodied cognition
d) graded structure

Question 10:

Of the different levels of categories proposed by Rosch, which one is the most important?
a) Superordinate
b) Basic
c) Subordinate
d) Horizontal

Question 11:

Correlated attributes are most closely related to ______.
a) cognitive economy
b) the perceived world structure
c) focus gambling
d) the wholist strategy

Question 12:

Which of the following concept would represent the basic level according to Rosch?
a) Animal
b) Canine
c) Dog
d) Poodle

Question 13:

We might sometimes consider a bat to be a member of the bird category even though it is not a bird. Which theory would best explain why we might do so?
a) Goal-derived category
b) Perceptual symbols
c) Commitment heuristic
d) Graded structure

Question 14:

A shopping list could best be described as ______.
a) a natural category
b) an artifact category
c) a goal-derived category
d) a conjunctive category

Question 15:

Which of the following is NOT one of the types of concepts described by Bruner et al. (1956)?
a) Conjunctive concept
b) Disjunctive concept
c) Critical concept
d) Relational concept

Question 16:

Which strategy of concept formation used in selection tasks requires an individual to focus on one attribute at a time and select examples that vary only on that attribute?
a) Conservative focusing
b) Focus gambling
c) Simultaneous scanning
d) Successive scanning

Question 17:

What was the criticism levelled at classical concept research, such as that conducted by Bruner et al.?
a) It didn’t take into account family resemblance.
b) It lacked internal validity.
c) It lacked ecological validity.
d) It failed to delineate brain areas implicated in conceptual knowledge.

Question 18:

Which of the following concepts would the majority of people consider to be the most prototypical of the category “fruit”?
a) Olive
b) Tomato
c) Star fruit
d) Apple

Question 19:

In regards to perceptual symbols, Barsalou would most likely agree that they represent ______.
a) family resemblance
b) goal-derived categories
c) brain states
d) conscious mental images

Question 20:

It was noted by Barsalou (1983) that goal-derived categories have ______.
a) correlated attributes
b) perceptual symbols
c) cognitive economy
d) graded structure

True or False Questions

Question 21:

According to some embodied cognition theorists, the role of cognition is to facilitate successful interaction with the environment.
a) True
b) False

Question 22:

A requisite characteristic of goal-derived categories is that all members share at least one attribute.
a) True
b) False

Question 23:

Motor expertise can modulate how we perceive action, especially action that is involved in the expert action.
a) True
b) False

Question 24:

For most people, the colours used in a stoplight would be highly prototypical of the concepts of red, green, and yellow.
a) True
b) False

Question 25:

Sometimes a brain injury can lead to a selective inability to be able to identify your own pet as a living object.
a) True
b) False

Question 26:

Sensory-functional theories, like perceptual symbol systems, were inspired by perceptual-specific deficits.
a) True
b) False

Question 27:

The value of the attributes is important in determining if something is an instance of a concept.
a) True
b) False

Question 28:

According to Wittgenstein, members of a category may not share any common features.
a) True
b) False

Question 29:

The sensory-functional theory accounts for all cases of category-specific deficits.
a) True
b) False

Question 30:

To Barsalou, knowledge of concepts is rooted in perceptual experience.
a) True
b) False

Higher Education

Cognition, Sixth Edition: Chapter 08