Instructions: For each question, click on the radio button beside your answer. When you have completed the entire quiz, click the Submit my answers button at the bottom of the page to receive your results.

Question 1:

Syllogistic reasoning is sometimes also called ______.
a) inductive logic
b) categorical reasoning
c) logicism
d) parsimonious reasoning

Question 2:

Read the following: Premise 1: I need to understand psychology as a whole. Premise 2: The only way to understand psychology as a whole is through the study of cognition. Conclusion: Therefore I need to study cognition. What is this an example of?
a) Premise 1: I need to understand psychology as a whole.
b) Premise 2: The only way to understand psychology as a whole is through the study of cognition.
c) Conclusion: Therefore I need to study cognition.
d) What is this an example of?

Question 3:

Question 4:

Which of the following describes the premise that all A are B?
a) The universal affirmative
b) The universal negative
c) The particular affirmative
d) The particular negative

Question 5:

What does a valid syllogism require?
a) A conclusion that follows for one possible scenario
b) A conclusion that follows for every possible scenario
c) At least one exception to the conclusion
d) Believability

Question 6:

“A is taller than B, and B is taller than C.” What is this premise an example of?
a) Relational reasoning
b) Linear syllogism
c) Practical syllogism
d) Particular negative

Question 7:

Which of the following terms is part of Johnson-Laird’s theory and suggests that people construct the simplest mental models possible?
a) Iconic relation
b) Emergent consequence
c) Parsimony
d) Logicism

Question 8:

When reasoning, many people fail to incorporate eliminative strategy, and instead display ______.
a) confirmation bias
b) parsimony
c) conditional reasoning
d) truth tables

Question 9:

“If P, then Q” is an example of ______.
a) a natural deduction system
b) a practical syllogism
c) relational reasoning
d) a three-term series problem

Question 10:

Failures in the Wason selection task are frequently related to ______.
a) the generative problem
b) the social contract theory
c) a failure of parsimonious reasoning
d) a confirmation bias

Question 11:

Why is the social contract theory important?
a) When employed, it leads to perfect performance in the Wason selection task.
b) When violated, it helps detect cheaters.
c) It provides information on the quantity of how much should be given.
d) It provides information on the quantity of how much will be received.

Question 12:

When we implicitly evaluate evidence to fit with our prior views and beliefs, we are engaged in ______.
a) reasoning
b) relational reasoning
c) motivated reasoning
d) syllogistic reasoning

Question 13:

The three-term series problem is also known as ______.
a) the transitive relation
b) the natural deductive system
c) the practical syllogism
d) the linear syllogism

Question 14:

Which term reflects the idea that you get more out of a mental model than you put into it?
a) Principle of parsimony
b) Emergent consequences
c) Natural deduction system
d) Relational reasoning

Question 15:

The liar paradox, which can lead to what might be considered mind-boggling forms of thought, is an example of ______.
a) truth tables
b) confirmation bias
c) recursion
d) a generative problem

Question 16:

The idea that the events that occur in a small sample are unlikely to reflect the proportion of that event in the total population is reflected in ______.
a) the law of small numbers
b) the law of large numbers
c) the law of averages
d) e. the gambler’s fallacy

Question 17:

The law of small numbers is reflected in ______.
a) the availability heuristic
b) the anchor and adjustment heuristic
c) the representativeness heuristic
d) an illusory correlation

Question 18:

Of the following, which heuristic is considered ecologically rational?
a) Availability heuristic
b) Anchor and adjustment heuristic
c) Representativeness heuristic
d) Recognition heuristic

Question 19:

According to Nisbett at al. (1983), all of the following are factors that would lead people to use appropriate reasoning procedures, except ______.
a) clarity of the problem space
b) recognizing of the intuitive solution procedure
c) recognition of the operation of chance
d) cultural prescription

Question 20:

Which heuristic is likely at work if you are afraid to fly after hearing about a plane crash on the news a few months ago?
a) Recognition heuristic
b) Representativeness heuristic
c) Availability heuristic
d) Anchor and adjustment heuristic

Question 21:

What kind of reasoning does Wason’s selection task illustrate?
a) Conditional reasoning
b) Relational reasoning
c) Motivated reasoning
d) Syllogistic reasoning

True or False Questions

Question 22:

Sometimes people are biased, which means that they have a predisposition to see a particular type of situation in a particular way.
a) True
b) False

Question 23:

The law of large numbers states that the larger the sample, the further a statistic will be from the true value.
a) True
b) False

Question 24:

A gambler is playing roulette and has seen black come up 27 times in a row. The chances that black will come up again are now less likely as it has come up so frequently before.
a) True
b) False

Question 25:

John was bitten by a little white dog when he was younger, and now believes that all white dogs will bite. He is displaying the representativeness heuristic.
a) True
b) False

Question 26:

Research has demonstrated that basketball players who have made 2 or 3 previous shots are more likely to have success in their next shot.
a) True
b) False

Question 27:

The mental model theory is a theory of syllogistic reasoning.
a) True
b) False

Question 28:

The universal negative takes the form “Some A are not B.”
a) True
b) False

Question 29:

The effect of belief is greater on valid syllogisms than on invalid syllogisms.
a) True
b) False

Question 30:

Sugiyama et al. (2002) discovered that reasoning governing social contracts is not a universal feature of human cognition.
a) True
b) False

Question 31:

Judgments based on how easy it is to recall something underlie the availability heuristic.
a) True
b) False

Higher Education

Cognition, Sixth Edition: Chapter 11