Instructions: For each question, click on the radio button beside your answer. When you have completed the entire quiz, click the Submit my answers button at the bottom of the page to receive your results.

Question 1:

A disadvantage to using open questions is that ________.
a) respondents can answer in their own terms
b) they allow for unusual, unanticipated responses
c) prospective respondents may be discouraged by the need to compose an answer
d) they are useful for exploring new or changing areas of research

Question 2:

When an interview or questionnaire contains open questions, ________.
a) respondents are presented with a set of fixed response options
b) replies are easier to compare among respondents than when using closed questions
c) there is a lower risk of incorrect transcription than when using closed questions
d) respondents can reply however they wish

Question 3:

Post-coding ________.
a) risks measurement errors when multiple coders are involved
b) should use as many coders as possible to sort the data to avoid time delays
c) asks respondents to assign their answers to a category with a number already set up
d) ensures validity of the data

Question 4:

If the categories in a question are established before the research survey is actually administered, ________.
a) it means that assigning a numerical value cannot be done until after reviewing the data
b) it means that respondents are asked to give their honest opinions
c) it indicates there may be validity issues
d) it is known as pre-coding

Question 5:

A basic principle of coding in a survey is _______.
a) when coding, it is necessary to have some overlap of categories so that no data are left out
b) coding needs an exhaustive list of categories that covers all possibilities
c) the category list should not include a category ?other?
d) a coding frame should be known only to the lead researcher for reliability reasons

Question 6:

An advantage of closed questions is ________.
a) spontaneity may be lost if relevant answers are excluded from the fixed choices
b) categories can overlap
c) they can be answered quickly and easily
d) they eliminate the need for conversation about the research topic

Question 7:

Using the category ?other? in a closed question ________.
a) reduces concern that categories for forced-choice answers are not exhaustive
b) may lead to a lack of authenticity in answers to closed questions
c) tends to confuse respondents
d) provides a catch-all that ensures reliability of the measuring instrument

Question 8:

The main problem associated with using factual event questions in a survey is ________.
a) it may happen that the format of the question is inappropriate for the concept
b) they may reveal unwanted attitudes about respondents
c) most people do not observe or remember systematically
d) the answers to these questions will inevitably render invalid data

Question 9:

Questions about a respondent?s age, occupation, and last time attending church can be best classified as ________.
a) factual questions about an entity
b) personal factual questions
c) questions about knowledge
d) none of the above

Question 10:

If a question appears to ask more than one question, it is known as ________.
a) double-barrelled question
b) general question
c) loaded question
d) negative question

Question 11:

When designing questions, it is very important to ________.
a) avoid very general questions
b) avoid long questions
c) avoid questions that include negatives
d) all of the above

Question 12:

When establishing the order of questions for a survey instrument, ________.
a) where a respondent provides an answer to a question before it is asked, the question should be repeated at the appropriate time
b) questions about sensitive issues should be left to the very end of the question schedule
c) questions on the same issue should be spread out all through the schedule to test for validity
d) specific questions should be addressed before general issues are dealt with

Question 13:

The best suggestion for designing the layout of a survey instrument is ________.
a) the print styles should remain the same throughout
b) horizontal formatting is preferred because it reduces confusion
c) horizontal formatting is easier to code
d) Likert scales with a range from strongly agree to strongly disagree are often more effective in a horizontal format

Question 14:

Identifying response sets in Likert scale questionnaires ________.
a) is not necessary
b) is the sole purpose for using Likert scale survey design
c) can be instituted at any time before or after the questionnaire is completed
d) requires the use of pre-coding and reverse coding techniques

Question 15:

Pilot studies may be used ________.
a) to determine which respondents should be included in the full study
b) to prevent interviewers from becoming too confident
c) to help a researcher generate fixed-choice responses to closed questions
d) to ensure that every respondent gives the same answer to a question

Question 16:

Open questions tend to be used mostly for quantitative research.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 17:

Closed questions leave the response options completely to the respondent.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 18:

Coding is the process of sorting data into themes or categories.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 19:

Closed questions are by definition pre-coded.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 20:

When coding, categories should overlap to ensure that all possibilities are considered.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 21:

Standardization in closed questions makes it difficult to compare answers.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 22:

It is possible to use a question format that is inappropriate for the concept being measured and gather faulty data.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 23:

A researcher should not ask questions about a respondent?s religious beliefs.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 24:

Questions about attitudes are very common in both structured interviews and questionnaire research.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 25:

Fixed-choice questions may be intentionally vague to ensure no data go uncategorized.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 26:

Leading questions are neutral in their formulation and do not sway the respondent in any direction.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 27:

Questions with ?often? choices should not be used as a measure of frequency.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 28:

Pilot studies serve to assist with reliability and validity of the main study by confirming the appropriateness of the survey instrument
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 29:

Pre-existing questions may be used to establish standardization in the measuring instruments to allow a later comparison of the two study samples.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 30:

Pre-existing questions used in your research may be used exactly as others have used them or they may be modified to suit your own purposes.
a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Higher Education

Social Research Methods, Fourth Canadian Edition: Chapter 06