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Higher Education

Social Research Methods, Fourth Canadian Edition: Chapter 08

Instructions:

Question 1:


a) emphasize direct observation
b) infer the behaviours in which individuals engage
c) provide access to social areas that are not otherwise accessible
d) are effective for generalization

Question 2:


a) meaning
b) memory
c) internal validity
d) social desirability effect bias

Question 3:


a) remain aware of the limits on extrapolation of data to larger populations
b) identify all true variations
c) develop categories for sorting data after the observations have occurred
d) eliminate the gap between stated and actual behaviour

Question 4:


a) an alternative to structured observation
b) another name for structured observation
c) a method that recognizes behaviour only; it is not concerned with the meanings of behaviour
d) a short-term observation method

Question 5:


a) may be either structured or unstructured
b) involves prolonged immersion of the observer in a particular social setting
c) allows an observer to develop a narrative account of the subjects? behaviour
d) involves subjects who are unaware that they are being observed and analyzed

Question 6:


a) there are no formal rules for observing or recording the observations
b) the observer is not concerned about detailed observations
c) the observer will be able to give very detailed accounts of activities
d) unobtrusive observation will always be unstructured

Question 7:


a) must overlap to ensure no data are left out
b) must have categories that capture the majority of possibilities
c) may be identified by pilot studies
d) category ?other? should never be used with an observation schedule

Question 8:


a) must be easy to complete
b) is not aided by training
c) occurs before the research is conducted
d) may include a complex systems listing many types of behaviours

Question 9:


a) provides an example of a schedule without pre-coded categories
b) identifies positive characteristics of interactions only
c) is coded to count and balance activities that may be viewed as overlapping with one another
d) does not provide an instrument for statistical analysis of the data

Question 10:


a) an ineffective method of analysis a group
b) called a ?time sampling? observation strategy
c) the most effective method of analyzing a group
d) interrupted by classifying all behaviours into one category

Question 11:


a) inter-observer consistency is a primary concern for researchers using structured observations
b) observer fatigue and lapses in attention are minor in nature so they will not impact the data
c) intra-observer consistency is not a concern for structured observation research
d) the observed party?s behaviour will not be affected by the knowledge that they are being observed, even over long periods of time

Question 12:


a) is a concern for measuring what we are supposed to be measuring in structured observations
b) takes into account the reactive effect from being observed
c) ensures that the reactive effect from structured observations will be much less than the reactive effect of participant observation
d) ensures that there is no correlation to unauthentic behaviour

Question 13:


a) increase over time because of the research subjects? discomfort with the presence of the researcher
b) cause political correctness
c) occur most often with the use of unobtrusive measures
d) are the skewing of data because the research subjects are aware that they are research subjects

Question 14:


a) the Hawthorne effect
b) role selection
c) varied reaction according to who the subject is
d) researcher presence as a change agent

Question 15:


a) it takes into account intentions behind behaviour
b) it does not take into account intentions behind behaviour
c) it produces too detailed an account of social action
d) it does not produce a valid account of social action

Question 16:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 17:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 18:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 19:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 20:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 21:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 22:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 23:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 24:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 25:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 26:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 27:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 28:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 29:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE

Question 30:


a) TRUE
b) FALSE