Chapter 12: Changing Societies in the West
The Treaties
- Indian Treaties Digital Collection
The text of some treaties, with images of the original documents.
- Canada’s First Nations: Treaty Evolution
An overview of the beginnings of the Prairie Treaties.
- Numbered Treaty Overview
An article about the numbered treaties, with maps and other illustrations.
Immigration
- Immigration to Western Canada: The Early 20th Century
An article written from the point of view of a descendant of Ukrainian immigrants. Includes photographs.
- Forging our Legacy: The Arrival of the Europeans
An article about various immigrant groups, including Ukrainians, Germans, and Russian Doukhobors. Includes a few photographs.
- A Province of Immigrants: The Face of Prejudice
History of the different ethnic and religious groups in Southern Alberta, with photographs and data. Click on the links at the bottom of the page to read about each group.
- Many Voices — Language and Culture in Manitoba
European immigrants to Manitoba, with photographs.
Chinese Immigrants to Canada
- Chinese Immigration in Canada
An article about the Head Tax and the Exclusion Act, with photographs.
- Chinese descendants to receive compensation for head tax
CBC news article about compensating Chinese Canadians for the Head Tax paid by their ancestors.
- Across the Generations: A History of the Chinese in Canada
Click the headings on the left to read about the immigration of Chinese people to Canada.
Francophones in the West
- Francophone Immigration: History: National Profile
Articles and data on Francophone immigration to Canada, and Canada's Francophone population.
- Alberta's Francophone Heritage
The Francophone history of Alberta, with photographs. Click on the headings near the bottom of the page to read the different sections.